Aurélien PAULMIER

Researcher, IRD

Scientific interest and research tools:

• Oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) and ocean deoxygenation, Marine biogeochemistry, Climate change, Biogeochemical cycles (e.g. dissolved gases; nutrients);

• In situ observations and monitoring, experiments, modeling, satellite data, biogeochemical approach.

FORMATION:

RESEARCH EXPERIENCES :

NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES:

EXPERIENCES IN CRUISES, EXPERIMENTS AND MODELLING :

FELLOWSHIPS, GRANTS AND AWARDS

- For work:

• 2001-2004 (3 years), BDI CNRS (Doctor-Engineer), LBCM-Paris, France

• 2001-2002 (9 months) DAAD Fellowship, AWI, Bremerhaven, Germany (declined);

• 2000-2001 (10 months), IRONAGES (Iron Resources and Oceanic Nutrients –

  Advancement of Global Environment Simulations, European Union Project)

- For mobility:

• 2001-2002 (9 months), France-Spain Fellowship, Grupo de Fisica No-Lineal GNFL (chaotic phenomena studies), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain

• 2000 (6 months), ECOS-Sud (Foreign Office Ministry, France-Chile), scientific cooperation in marine biogeochemistry with the Chilean CONICYT

- For project:

• 1997, France-Greenland Project: Lauréat Défi Jeunes (French Ministerial support)

  Environmental Minister Price

NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SCHOOLS :

• SOLAS International Summer School, Cargèse, France, 2011: in charge of practical (laboratory work: O₂ measurement)

• SOLAS International Summer School, Cargèse, France (financial support obtained), 2003:

A.Paulmier. CO₂ and N₂O fluxes in the Oxygen Minimum Zone of the East South Pacific: a glacial-interglacial perspective (Poster and oral presentation)

• Nitrogen cycle School, CNRS, Carry-Le-Rouet, France (financial support obtained), 2001:

A.Paulmier. Oxygen Minimum Zone role on N₂O and CO₂ in the ocean (Oral presentation)

A.Paulmier, L.Farias, D.Ruiz-Pino, A.Poisson. Why do some oceanic zones present a high N₂O production? (Poster)

• First American School in Ocean and Climate Modelling, Dichato (Oral presentation), 2000:

A.Paulmier. Modelling project to assist the interpretation: CO₂ and N₂O fluxes study with oxic perturbation

TEACHING ACTIVITIES :

PUBLICACIONS AND REPORTS :

• Main Publications in Refereed Journals:

- Bretagnon, M., Paulmier A., Garçon, V., Dewitte B., Illig S., Leblond N., Coppola L., Campos F., Velazco F., Panagiotopoulos C., Oschlies, A., Hernandez Ayon, M., Maske H., Vergara, O., Montes I., Martinez P., Carrasco E., Grelet J., Depretz de Gesincourt O., Maes, C. and Scouarnec L. , 2018, Modulation of the vertical particle transfer efficiency in the Oxygen Minimum Zone off Peru, Biogeosciences, 15, 16, 5093-5111.

- Gutknecht, E., Paulmier, A., and C. Perruche, 2018, Oxygen minimum zones. In Karina von Schuckmann et al., Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 11:sup1, S1-S142,DOI: 10.1080/1755876X.2018.1489208

- Paulmier A. Oxygen and the ocean. In : Euzen A. (dir.), Gaill F. (dir.), Lacroix D. (dir.), Cury Philippe (dir.). The Ocean revealed. Paris: CNRS Edition, 2017, p. 64-65.

- Garcia-Robledo, E., Padilla, C.C., Aldunate, M., Stewart, F.J., Ulloa, O., Paulmier, A., Gregori, G., and N.P. Revbesch, Cryptic oxygen cycling in anoxic marine zones. 2017, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United of America (PNAS). www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1619844114.

- Vergara, O., Dewitte, B., Montes, I., Garçon, V., Ramos, M., Paulmier, A., Pizarro, O. 2016. Seasonal variability of the oxygen minimum zone off Peru in a high-resolution regional coupled model, Biogeosciences, 13, 4389-4410.

- Paulmier A., Dewitte, B., Illig, S., Garçon V. Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS) and Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs): A natural Future Earth priority. Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research (IMBER) Newsletter, April 2016, Issue n°30.

- Bettencourt, J., López, C., Hernández-García, E., Montes, I., Sudre, J., Dewitte B., Paulmier, A., and Garçon, V., 2015, Boundaries of the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone shaped by coherent mesoscale dynamics, Nature Geoscience, 8, 937- 940.

- Dewitte B., I. Montes, E. Gutknecht, E. Machu, A. Paulmier, K. Goubanova and V. Garçon, Recent progresses in biogeochemical regional modelling of the Eastern Boundary Current systems of the South Hemisphere. International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), Physical Oceanography, France, 2015.

- Hernández-Carrasco, I., Sudre, J., Garçon, V., Yahia, H., Garbe, C., Paulmier, A., Dewitte, B., Illig, S., Dadou, I., and A. Butz, Reconstruction of super-resolution fields of ocean pCO2 and air-sea fluxes of CO2 from satellite imagery in the Benguela Upwelling System. Biogeosciences, 2015, 12, 5229-5245, doi:10.5194/bg-12-5229-2015.

- Franco, A., Hernandez-Ayon, M., Beier, E., Garçon, V., Maske, H., Paulmier, A., Färber-Lorda, J., Castro, R., et R. Sosa-Avalos: Air-sea CO2 fluxes above the stratified OMZ in the coastal region off Mexico. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 119, doi:10.1002/2013JC009337, 2014

- Dewitte, B., Takahashi, K., Goubanova, K., Montecinos, A., Mosquera, K., Illig, S., Montes, I., Paulmier, A., Garçon, V., Purca, S., Flores, R., Bourrel, L., Rau, P., Labat, D., Lavado, W., and J. C. Espinoza (2014) Las diversas facetas de El Nino y sus efectos en la costa del Peru. Chap. 9 In El Perú frente al cambio climático (MINA-IRD, COP20, Lima).

- Montes, I., Dewitte, B., Gutknecht, E., Paulmier, A., Dadou, I., Oschlies, A., Garcon, V. 2014. High-resolution modeling of the Eastern Tropical Pacific oxygen minimum zone: Sensitivity to the tropical oceanic circulation, Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans, 119, 5515–5532.

-Schunck, H., Lavik, G., Desai, D.K., Groβkopf, T., Kalvelage, T., Loescher, C.R., Paulmier, A., Muβmann, M., Holtappels, M., Contreras, S., Rosenstiel, P., Schilhabel, M.B., Graco, M., Schmitz, R.A., Kuypers, M.M.M., and J. Laroche (2013) Giant Hydrogen Sulfide Plume in the OMZ off Peru Stimulates High Chemoautotrophic Carbon Dioxide Fixation. Plos One.

- Gutknecht, E., Dadou, I., Marchesiello, P., Cambon, G., Le Vu, B., Sudre, J., Garçon, V., Machu, E., Rixen, T., Kock, A., Flohr, A., Paulmier, A., and Lavik, G. (2013) Nitrogen transfers off Walvis Bay: a 3-D coupled physical/biogeochemical modeling approach in the Namibian EBUS, BG.

- Kalvelage, T., Lavik, G., Lam, P., Contreras, S., Arteaga, L., Löscher, Oschlies, A., Paulmier, A., Stramma, L., and M.M.M. Kuypers (2013) Nitrogen cycling driven by organic matter export in the ESP OMZ. NatureGeoscience.

- Gutknecht, E., Dadou, I., Le Vu, B., Cambon, G., Sudre, J., Garçon, Machu, E., Rixen, T., Kock, A., Flohr, A., Paulmier, A., Lavik, G. (2013) Coupled physical/biogeochemical modeling including O2-dependent processes in the EBUS: application in the Benguela. BG.

- Kalvelage, T., Lavik, G., Lam, P., Contreras, S., Arteaga, L., Löscher, C., Oschlies, A., Paulmier, A., Stramma, L., and M.M.M. Kuypers (2013) Organic matter export regulates nitrogen cycling in the South Pacific oxygen minimum zone. Nature Geoscience, DOI: 10.1038/BGEO1739 (in press).

- Garbe, C., Butz, A., Dadou, I., Dewitte, B., Garçon, V., Illig, S., Paulmier, A., Sudre, J., and H. Yahia (2012) Climatically-Active Gases In The Eastern Boundary Upwelling And Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) Systems. In Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2012 IEEE International, Munich, Germany.

- Law, C., Breviere, E., de Leeuw, G., Garcon, V., Guieu, C., Kieber, D., Kontradowitz, S., Paulmier, A., Quinn, P., Salizman, E., Stefels, J., and R. von Glasow (2012) Evolving Research Directions in Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere (SOLAS) Science. Environmental Chemistry, Dec. 2012.

- León, V., Paulmier, A., Ledesma, J., Croot, P., Graco, M., Flores, G., Morón, O., and J. Tenorio (2011) pH como un Trazador de la Variabilidad Biogeoquímica en el Sistema de Humboldt. Boletin del IMARPE, 2011, 26/1-2.

- Monteiro, P.M.S., Dewitte, B., Scranton, M.I., Paulmier, A., and A. van der Pla. The role of open ocean boundary forcing on seasonal to decadal-scale variability and long-term change of natural shelf hypoxia. Environmental Research Letters, 6, 18pp, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/6/2/025002 (2011).

- Gutknecht, E., Dadou, I., Le Vu, B., Cambon, G., Sudre, J., Garçon, V., Machu, E., Rixen, T., Kock, A., Flohr, A., Paulmier, A., and G. Lavik (2011) Nitrogen transfers and air-sea N₂O fluxes in the upwelling off Namibia within the oxygen minimum zone: a 3-D model approach, Biogeosciences Discussions 80, in press.

- Paulmier, A., Ruiz-Pino, D., V. Garçon (2011) CO₂ maximum in the OMZ. Biogeosciences8, 239-252, www.biogeosciences.net/8/239/2011/.

- Jonca, J., León, V., Thouron, D., Paulmier, A., Graco, M., and V. Garçon, Phosphate determination in seawater: Toward an autonomous electrochemical method, Talanta, doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2011.09.056 (2010).

- Paulmier, A., Kriest, I., and A. Oschlies (2009) Stoichiometries of remineralisation and denitrification in global biogeochemical coupled ocean models. Biogeosciences 6, 923-935, www.biogeosciences.net/6/923/2009/.

- Paulmier, A., Ruiz-Pino, and D., Garçon (2008) The Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) off Chile as intense sources of CO₂ and N₂O. Continental Shelf Research, Vol. 28, N°20, 2746-2756, doi:10.1016/j.csr.2008.09.012.

- Paulmier, A. and D. Ruiz-Pino (2008) Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs) in the Modern Ocean. Progress In Oceanography, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2008.05.001.

- Farías, L., Paulmier, A., and M. Gallegos (2007) Nitrous oxide and N-nutrient cycling along the oxygen minimum zone off northern Chile. Deep-Sea Research I, Vol. 54, Issue 2, pp 164-180.

- Paulmier, A., Ruiz-Pino, D., Garçon, V. and L. Farías (2006) Maintaining of the East South Pacific Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) off Chile. Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 33, L20601, doi:10.1029/2006GL026801.

- Cornejo, M., Farías, L., and A. Paulmier (2006) Temporal variability in N₂O content and its air-sea exchange in an upwelling area off central Chile (36°S). Marine Chemistry, Vol. 101, Issues 1-2, 85-94.

• Publications as Meetings/Workshops Proceeding:

- Paulmier, A., Ruiz-Pino, D., Garçon, V., Ulloa, O. and L.Farías (2007) Biogeochemical anomalies in the Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) off Chile. Gayana, Vol. 70, ISSN 0717-52X

- Ruiz-Pino, D., Paulmier, A., Du Penhoat, Y. and O. Ulloa (2002) The CHOC (Chile-Peru Oxygen Minimum and Circulation) program. Investig. Mar., vol.30, no.1, suppl, p.173-174. ISSN 0717-7178

• Reports:

- Dewitte, B., Garçon, V., and A. Paulmier (2012) EUR-OCEANS Conference ‘Ocean deoxygenation and implications for the marine biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems’. SOLAS Letter, 14 (Summer), p40.

- Graco, M., and A. Paulmier (2011) Air-sea gas fluxes at Eastern Boundary Upwelling and Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs) systems. A SOLAS Mid-Term Strategy initiative. SOLAS Letter, 12 (Winter), p 29 (2011).

- A. Paulmier, and V. Garçon (2009) Air-sea fluxes at Eastern Boundary Upwelling and OMZs systems, SOLAS mid-term strategy discussion session reports, SOLAS e-bulletin n°59.

- Participant to the discussion groups (2004): Priorities for Research on the Ocean in a High-CO₂ World. Final Report “The Ocean in a High CO₂ World, An International Symposium“, May 2004, Unesco, Paris, France, 12 pp

- Ruiz-Pino D., C. Goyet, B. Le Vu, B. Schauer, C. Coatanoan, and A. Paulmier (2000). Paramètres du système du CO₂. Internal cruise report LODYC n°2000-01 “ EQUALANT 1999 ”, IRD, edition 2000, pp 13.1-13.30

• Advising Tesis:

- Auto-regulación  de  la  actividad  en  la zona de mínima de oxigeno: Un   estudio  por  modelo conceptual. Jonathan Valle. Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Nacional del Callao (UNAC). Advisor: A. Paulmier. Co-advisor: J. Quispe (to be defended in 2013).

- La signature des phosphates dans la zone de minimum d'oxygène du Pérou: masses d'eau et processus biogéochimiques. Mélanie Giraud. Master d’Océanographie (M2R), Université Aix-Marseille II. Advisor: A. Paulmier (2012).

• Others:

- Paulmier, A., Garçon, V., Graco, M., Maes, C., Gutierrez, D., Dewitte, B., and K. Takahashi (2012) AMOP: Activity of research dedicated to the Minimum of Oxygen in the Eastern Pacific. SOLAS Letter, 14 (Summer), 11-12.

- Paulmier, A., and V. Garçon (2008) AMOP project: Activity of the Minimum of Oxygen (OMZ) in the Pacific. White paper project for SOLAS, SOLAS prospectives.

Reviewer for national and international Journals and proposals

PUBLISHED ABSTRACTS

- Bettencourt, J., López, C., Hernández-García, E., Montes, I., Sudre, J., Dewitte, B., Paulmier, A., and  V. Garçon. Lagrangian variability of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Oxygen Minimum Zone. EGU conference, 7-12 April 2013, Vienna, Austria (EGU General Assembly 2013).

- Dewitte, B., Montes, I., Paulmier, A., and V. Garçon. Vertical structure variability of the OMZ in the Eastern South Pacific. EGU conference, 7-12 April 2013, Vienna, Austria (EGU General Assembly 2013).

- Jońca, J., Giraud, M., Paulmier, A., Comtat, M., Stramma, L., and V. Garçon. Reagentless and silicate interference free electrochemical method for phosphate detection in seawater in the Oxygen Minimum Zone offshore Peru. ASLO conference, 17-22 February 2013, New Orléans, USA (2013).

- Montes, I., Dewitte, B., Gutknecht, E., Paulmier, A., Dadou, I., and V. Garçon. Modeling the Oxygen Minimum Zone of the Eastern Tropical Pacific: Sensitivity to the tropical oceanic circulation.  EUR-OCEANS Consortium (EOC) 5th annual Council meeting, 7-8 February 2013, Charlottenburg, Denmark (2013).

- Garçon, V., Sudre, J., Yahia, H., Dewitte, B., Paulmier, A., Illig, S., Dadou, I., Butz, A., and C. Garbe. Inferring CO₂ fluxes from space: A multiscale approach. Workshop on “Towards an integrative regional coupling in the Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS)”, 26-28 November 2012, Instituto Geofísica del Perú (IGP) Lima, Perú (2012).

- Garbe, C., Butz, A., Garçon, V., Vihharev, J., Sudre, J., Yahia, H., Dewitte, B., Paulmier, A., Illig, S., and I. Dadou. Assessing atmospheric gas concentrations and interfacial fluxes from remote sensing. Workshop on “Towards an integrative regional coupling in the Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS)”, 26-28 November 2012, Instituto Geofísica del Perú (IGP) Lima, Perú (2012).

- Dewitte, B., Illig, S., Goubanova, K., Takahashi, K., Mosquera, K., Montes, I., Paulmier, A., and V. Garçon. Intraseasonal upwelling variability off Peru: remote and local forcings versus non-linear processes. Workshop on “Towards an integrative regional coupling in the Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS)”, 26-28 November 2012, Instituto Geofísica del Perú (IGP) Lima, Perú (2012).

- Takahashi, K., Macharé, J., Norabuena, E., Paulmier, A., Dewitte, B., and M. Chlieh. Rationale for a reference site off Peru (Hormigas Islands) as part of Ocean SITES. Workshop on “Towards an integrative regional coupling in the Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS)”, 26-28 November 2012, Instituto Geofísica del Perú (IGP) Lima, Perú (2012).

- Paulmier, A., Giraud, M., Jonca, J., Leon, V., Valle, J., Montes, I., Sudre, J., Moron, O., Quispe, J., Lavik, G., Grasse, P., Frank, M., Stramma, L., Dewitte, B., and V. Garçon. Physical influence on the biogeochemical feature and processes in the Peruvian OMZ. Workshop on “Towards an integrative regional coupling in the Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS)”, 26-28 November 2012, Instituto Geofísica del Perú (IGP) Lima, Perú (2012).

- Montes, I., Gutknecht, E.,  Dewitte, B., Paulmier, A., Dadou, I., Oschlies, A., and V. Garçon. Modeling the OMZ of the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Workshop on “Towards an integrative regional coupling in the Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS)”, 26-28 November 2012, Instituto Geofísica del Perú (IGP) Lima, Perú (2012).

- Valle, J., Paulmier, A.,and J. Quispe. Auto-regulación de la acti vidad en la zona de mínima de oxigeno: Un estudio por modelo conceptual. Concimar, 25-29 Juin, Lima, Peru (2012).

- Giraud, M., Paulmier, A., Garçon, V., Sudre, J. Jonca, J., Leon, V., Moron, O., Lavik, G., Grasse, P., Frank, M, and L. Stramma. Los fosfatos como trazador en la Zona de Mínima de Oxigeno (ZMO): Masas de agua y procesos biogeoquimicos Concimar, 25-29 Juin, Lima, Peru (2012).

- Paulmier, A., Garçon, V., Dewitte, B., and C. Maes. Activities of research dedicated to the Minimum of Oxygen in the eastern Pacific (AMOP). SOLAS OSC Conference. 7-10 May 2012, Cle Elum, WA, USA (2012).

- Montes, I., Gutknecht, E., Paulmier, A., Dewitte, B., Dadou, I., and V. Garçon. Maintaining of the Oxygen Minimum Zone in the Eastern Tropical Pacific based on a high-resolution coupled physical/biogeochemical model. SOLAS OSC Conference. 7-10 May 2012, Cle Elum, WA, USA (2012).

- Losno, R., Garçon, V., Guieu, C., and all the French SOLAS community. SOLAS France: some aspects of today's research work in France. SOLAS OSC Conference. 7-10 May 2012, Cle Elum, WA, USA (2012).

- Garbe, C., Garçon, V., Butz, A., Yahia, H., Sudre, J., Dewitte, B., Paulmier, A., and I. Dadou. Climatically-Active Gases in the Eastern Boundary Upwelling and Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) Systems. Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 14, 22-27 April 2012, Vienna, Austria (EGU General Assembly 2012).

- Ruiz-Pino, D., Bianchi, A., Perlender, H.I., Paulmier, A., Esteves, J.L., and M. Ferrario. Is phytoplankton responsible for pumping CO₂ in the Weddell Sea? Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 14, 22-27 April 2012, Vienna, Austria (EGU General Assembly 2012).

- Jonca, J., Leon -Fernandez, V., Barus, C., Giraud, W, Thouron, D., Graco, M., Paulmier, A., Comtat, M, and V. Garçon. Electrochemical phosphate monitoring: First steps to create an electrochemical sensor with an application in the OMZ offshore Peru. Ocean Sciences Meeting, 20-24 February 2012, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (2012).

- Paulmier, A., Dewitte, B, Maes, C., and V. Garçon. AMOP «Activities of research dedicated to the Minimum of Oxygen in the eastern Pacific». Ocean Sciences Meeting, 20-24 February 2012, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (2012).

- Gutknecht, E., Dadou, I., Marchesiello, P., Cambon, G., Machu, E., Rixen, T., Kock, A., Flohr, A., Paulmier, A., and G. Lavik, G. Nitrogen transfers in the Namibian upwelling system within the oxygen minimum zone: a 3-D coupled physical/biogeochemical modelling approach. Ocean Sciences Meeting, 20-24 February 2012, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (2012).

- Jonca, J., Leon Fernandez, V., Thouron, D., Paulmier, A., Graco, M., Garçon, V.: Phosphate monitoring in the Oxygen Minimum Zones: a novel electrochemical reagentless method. EUR-OCEANS Conference “Ocean deoxygenation and implications for marine biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems”, 24-26 October 2011, Toulouse, France.

- Ruiz-Pino, D., Paulmier, A., Duteil, O., Rafidazeh, M.: Main hypotheses from tropical OMZs and coastal hypoxia towards high latitude deoxygenation. EUR-OCEANS Conference “Ocean deoxygenation and implications for marine biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems”, 24-26 October 2011, Toulouse, France.

- Graco, M., Lavik, G., Ledesma, J., Flores, G., Gutiérrez, D., Paulmier, A., Kuypers, M.M.M.: Biogeochemical control (bacterial processes and suboxic-anoxic conditions in the sediments): The upwelling Humboldt ecosystem, a case study. EUR-OCEANS Conference “Ocean deoxygenation and implications for marine biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems”, 24-26 October 2011, Toulouse, France.

- Molinero, J-C., and A. Paulmier: Oxygen Minimum Zones and gelatinous carnivore zooplankton: towards an expansion of low-energy food webs? EUR-OCEANS Conference “Ocean deoxygenation and implications for marine biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems”, 24-26 October 2011, Toulouse, France.

- Kalvelage, T., Contreras, S., Paulmier, A., Laroche, J., Stramma, L., Frank, M., Lavik, G., Kuypers, M.M.M.: Mapping the spatial variability of N-cycle pathways in the OMZ off Peru. EUR-OCEANS Conference “Ocean deoxygenation and implications for marine biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems”, 24-26 October 2011, Toulouse, France.

- Le Vu, B., Gutknecht, E., Machu, E., Dadou, I., Paulmier, A., Veitch, J., Sudre, J., Garçon, V.: Physical and biogeochemical processes maintaining the Oxygen Minimum Zone of the Benguela Upwellingg System using an eddy resolving model. EUR-OCEANS Conference “Ocean deoxygenation and implications for marine biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems”, 24-26 October 2011, Toulouse, France.

- Monteiro, P.M.S., Dewitte, B., Scranton, M.I., Paulmier, A., van der Plas, A.: Variability in OMZs: Physical or biogeochemical control? EUR-OCEANS Conference “Ocean deoxygenation and implications for marine biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems”, 24-26 October 2011, Toulouse, France.

- Jonca, J., Leon Fernandez, V., Thouron, D., Giraud, W., Paulmier, A., Graco, M., Comtat, M., Garçon, V.: Phosphate monitoring in the Oxygen Minimum Zones : a novel electrochemical reagentless method. ASLO conference, 14-18 February 2011, Puerto Rico.

- Paulmier, A., Ruiz-Pino, D., Garçon, V.: CO₂ maximum in the oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) and Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS). Workshop SOLAS “Air-Sea gas fluxes at Eastern Boundary Upwelling and Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs) systems”, 8-10 Novembre 2010, IMARPE, Lima, Peru.

- Lavik, G., Paulmier, A., Graco, M., Siegel, H., Frank, M., Kuypers, M.M.M.: Is sulfide in OMZ waters an increasing phenomenon as a result global change? Workshop SOLAS “Air-Sea gas fluxes at Eastern Boundary Upwelling and Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs) systems”, 8-10 Novembre 2010, IMARPE, Lima, Peru.

- Bertrand, A., Ballón, M., Chaigneau, A., Graco, M., Garçon, V., Jonca, J. and A. Paulmier: Use of acoustic data to study high resolution biogeochemical processes. Workshop SOLAS “Air-Sea gas fluxes at Eastern Boundary Upwelling and Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs) systems”, 8-10 Novembre 2010, IMARPE, Lima, Peru.

- G. Lavik, A. Paulmier, M. Graco, H. Siegel, M. Frank and M.M.M. Kuypers: Is sulfide in OMZ waters an increasing phenomenon as a result global change? Biological Oceanography section, session « Oxygen Minimum Zones and Climate Change: Observations and Prediction », Ocean Science meeting, 22-26 February 2010, Portland, USA.

- T. Kalvelage, S. Contreras, A. Paulmier, J. LaRoche, M. Frank, G. Lavik and M.M.M. Kuypers: Extent and oxygen control of pelagic nutrient removal in the OMZ off Peru. Biological Oceanography section, session « Oxygen Minimum Zones and Climate Change: Observations and Prediction », Ocean Science meeting, 22-26 Februrary 2010, Portland, USA.

- A. Paulmier, V. Garçon, F. Chavez, I., Cacho, H. Bange, C. Robinson, V. Kitidis, W. Miller, R. Volkamer, P. Croot, S. Archer, L. Ganzeveld and D. Franklin (SOLAS mid-term strategy interactive discussion session): Air-sea fluxes at Eastern Boundary Upwelling and OMZs systems, Open Science Conference SOLAS, 16-19 November 2009, Barcelona, Spain

- A. Paulmier, I. Kriest and A. Oschlies: Importance of organic matter stoichiometries in remineralisation and denitrification, Open Science Conference SOLAS, 16-19 November 2009, Barcelona, Spain

- A. Paulmier and V. Garçon: The AMOP project: “biogeochemical Activity of the Minimum of Oxygen in the eastern Pacific”, SOLAS-IMBER France Meeting, 22-23 June 2009, Paris, France

- V. Garçon and A. Paulmier: Biogeochemical cycles and marine ecosystems in a changing oceanic stratification, ASLO meeting, 26-30 January 2009, Nice, France

- A. Paulmier, D. Ruiz-Pino, I. Masotti and V. Garçon: Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs): Intense reserves of remineralized CO₂ close to the surface, “Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystems: integrative and comparative approaches” EBUS Symposium, 2-6 June 2008, Las Palmas, Gran Canarias, Spain

- A. Paulmier, D. Ruiz-Pino, and V. Garçon: Oxygen, Carbon and Nitrogen Anomalies in the OMZ off Chile, Oceans: Vulnerability of coastal livelihoods and response strategies to changing earth system; Ocean biogeochemistry; Climate Change N°413, Global Change, sustainable Livelihoods in a Changing Earth System, 4^th IGBP congress, 5-9 May 2008, Cape Town, South Africa.

- A. Paulmier, B. Salihoglu, A. Oschlies, M. Lomas, S. Neuer, and V. Garçon: Influence of new nutrient input and remineralization on phytoplankton groups and primary production: a modelling comparative study at ESTOC and BATS, The Final MERSEA Plenary meeting, 28-30 April 2008, Paris, France.

- A. Paulmier, D. Ruiz-Pino, V. Garçon and I. Masotti: Les Zones de Minimum d’Oxygène (OMZs): des réserves intenses de CO₂ proches de la surface: une étude focalisée dans le Pacifique Sud-Est, SOLAS-France Symposium, 11-12 September 2007, Paris, France.

- V. Garçon, A. Paulmier, D. Ruiz-Pino, and L. Farías: Eastern boundary upwelling systems as natural SOLAS laboratories, SOLAS Science Conference, 4-7 March 2007, Xiamen, China

- R. Losno, V. Garçon, Y. Dandonneau, H. Claustre, G. Sarthou, K. Desboeufs, F. Dulac, C. Guieu, S. Blain, E. Bucciarelli, N. Metzl, R. Sempéré, M-A Sicre, J. Boutin, A. Paulmier, D. Ruiz-Pino, and M. Boyé: SOLAS France: an overview of today’s research work, SOLAS Science Conference, 4-7 March 2007, Xiamen, China

- A. Paulmier, D. Ruiz-Pino, V. Garçon and L. Farías: How the Oxygen Minimum Zone off Chile can be maintained in the modern ocean?, Humboldt Current System Conference, 27^th November – 1^rst Décember 2006, Lima, Peru

- A. Paulmier, D. Ruiz-Pino and V. Garçon: Marine feedback effect of the Oxygen Minimum Zone on two greenhouse gases, CO₂ and N₂O, ESSP Open Science Conference, 9-12 November 2006, Beijing, China

- A. Paulmier, D. Ruiz-Pino, V. Garçon, O. Ulloa and L. Farías: Biogeochemical anomalies in the Oxygen Minimum Zone off Chile, Workshop on Oxygen Minimum Systems, 24-26 October 2006, Concepción, Chile

- A. Paulmier, D. Ruiz-Pino, V. Garçon, O. Ulloa and L. Farías: How the Oxygen Minimum Zone off Chile is maintained in the modern ocean?, EGU, 2-6 April 2006, Vienna, Austria

- M. Cornejo, L. Farías and A. Paulmier: Temporal variability in N₂O content and its air-sea exchange in an upwelling area off central Chile, Open Science SOLAS Conference, 13-16 October 2004, Halifax, Canada

- D.Ruiz-Pino and A.Paulmier: Anomalous high C/O and C/N molar ratio in the ESP OMZ, Joint AOGS Annual Meeting & APHW Conference, 5-9 July 2004, Singapore

- A. Paulmier, D. Ruiz-Pino, A. Poisson, O. Ulloa and L. Farías: Counter-regulation produced by the Oxygen Minimum Zones formation on CO₂ oceanic sequestration, The Ocean in a High CO₂ World, International Science Symposium, UNESCO, 10-12 May 2004, Paris, France

- A. Paulmier, D. Ruiz-Pino, A. Poisson, O. Ulloa and L. Farías: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) increased in the Oxygen Minimum Layer of the East South Pacific, EGS-AGU-EUG, 6-11 Abril 2003, Nice, France

- A. Paulmier, D. Ruiz-Pino, L. Farías, O. Ulloa and A. Poisson: CO₂ and N₂O fluxes in the Oxygen Minimum Layer of the East South Pacific: a glacial-interglacial view, JGOFS Final Conference, 5-8 May 2003, Washington, USA

- A. Paulmier, D. Ruiz-Pino, L. Farías, O. Ulloa and A. Poisson: Potential CO₂ and N₂O coupling in Oxygen Minimum Zone: an explanation from observations and modelling, OCEANS International Open Science Conference, 7-10 January 2003, Paris, France.

- D. Ruiz-Pino, A. Paulmier, Y. Du Penhoat, O. Ulloa and P. Soler: THE CHOC (CHile-Peru Oxygen minimum and Circulation) PROGRAM, El Niño Symposium and Workshop, 7-10 August 2002, Viña del Mar, Chile.

- L. Farías, A. Paulmier, O. Ulloa and D. Ruiz-Pino: Increased N₂O production in the oxycline of Eastern South Pacific region, Symposium Global Change, 3-5 December 2001, Santiago, Chile.

- L. Farías, A. Paulmier, O. Ulloa and D. Ruiz-Pino: Increased N₂O production in the oxycline of Eastern South Pacific region, Symposium Global Change, 3-5 December 2001, Santiago, Chile.

- L.Farías and A.Paulmier: Distribución vertical de óxido nitroso en la zona de mínima de oxígeno (Iquique, 21ºS), XXI Congreso de Ciencias del Mar, 22-25 May 2001, Viña del Mar, Chile

SCIENTIFIC STAYS OUT OF FRANCE, COOPERATIONS

• Scientific stays out of France:

- 2010-2014 (4 years at least in scientific and cooperation stay), Peru, Instituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE) / IRD (LMI DISCOH)

- 2008-2009 (1 year), Germany, IFM-Geomar (Kiel: Pr. Oschlies) and Max Planck Institute for Microbiology (MPI, Bremen: Pr. Kuypers)

- 2007 (2 weeks), Turkey, METU (Erdemli: Dr Salihoglu, Pr Oguz)

- 2001 (3 months), Spain, Grupo de Física No-Lineal (GNFL, Santiago de Compostela: Pr. Perez)

- 2000-2001 (16 months), Chile, Univ. de Concepción (PROFC: Dr. Farías, Dr. Ulloa)

- 1998 (3 months), Spain, Departamento de Física (Escuela Veterinarial, Extremadura: Pr. Baeza)

Scientific cooperations:

i) 2008-2013: Development of the project “Activity in the Minimum of Oxygen (OMZ) of the eastern Pacific” (AMOP), of an ESA initiative, of the OMZ-EBUS SOLAS Mid-term strategy and a "International O₂ consortium": China (Xiamen University of Technology); Denmark (Aarhus University/Unisense); France (CNRM/Météo France; DT-INSU; EME; EPOC; IMAGO; INRIA; ISTO; LATMOS; LSCE; LEGOS; LOCEAN; LOMIC; LOV; MIO); Germany (Max Planck Institute for Microbiology; GEOMAR; Heidelberg University); India (NIO); Ireland (National University of Ireland); Mexico (CICESE; UABC); Peru (IGP; IMARPE); South Africa (CSIR; University of Cape Town); USA (UCLA).

ii) October 2001: Grupo de Física No-Lineal, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Pr Perez)

iii) March 2000 – July 2001: PROFC-COPAS, Concepción, Chile (Dr Ulloa, Dr Farías).